振動輸送機翻板容易損壞，在運動分析的基礎上指出疲勞失效是造成翻板損壞的主要原因，對翻板設計中應注意的幾個問題進行有益探索。
振動輸送機具有結構簡單、運行可靠、效率高、噪聲低、維修方便、壽命長等優點，在輕工、醫藥、電子等行業獲得廣泛應用。占財政收入10％的煙草制造業大量使用槽式振動輸送機(簡稱振槽)來輸送物料、篩選雜物、松散物料、穩定流量。通過在振槽底部開口并加氣動裝翻板裝置，振槽還用于完成工藝流程切換或不合格品的剔除。
      由于工藝流量由5000kg/h調整到8000kg/h，振槽底部0.3×0.54m的開口不能順暢落料，維修工將開口擴為0.425×0.54m并更換了新翻板，試車運行基本正常，煙絲落料順利，振槽運行時雖有輕微聲響但未引起足夠重視。設備維修后投入運行不到10天，振槽翻板的輕微聲響變為強烈的噠噠聲，開口處煙沫泄漏量增多，停車檢查，發現翻板兩側產生了兩條0.06—0.07m長的裂縫，若非及時發現可能造成嚴重停產事故。

 1.問(wen)題分析(xi)

 振槽(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)結構(gou)為(wei)COMAS搖桿(gan)(gan)式，搖桿(gan)(gan)互相(xiang)平(ping)行(xing)(xing)，搖桿(gan)(gan)繞焊接(jie)于機(ji)架(jia)上(shang)的軸擺動(dong)(dong)(dong)，搖桿(gan)(gan)上(shang)部鉸接(jie)振槽(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)槽(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)體(ti)(ti)(ti)，下部懸平(ping)衡配重。振槽(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)采用(yong)(yong)電機(ji)驅動(dong)(dong)(dong)的曲柄(bing)連(lian)桿(gan)(gan)機(ji)構(gou)激振。翻(fan)(fan)(fan)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)與(yu)槽(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)體(ti)(ti)(ti)通過合(he)頁(ye)(ye)連(lian)接(jie)，使得翻(fan)(fan)(fan)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)能夠開(kai)啟和(he)關(guan)閉(bi)槽(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)體(ti)(ti)(ti)上(shang)的落料洞口(kou)，合(he)頁(ye)(ye)兩面(mian)則鉚(liu)接(jie)固(gu)(gu)定于翻(fan)(fan)(fan)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)或槽(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)體(ti)(ti)(ti)落料洞口(kou)邊緣；翻(fan)(fan)(fan)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)的啟閉(bi)則由(you)電磁閥(fa)自(zi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)或手動(dong)(dong)(dong)切換，通過控制氣(qi)缸(gang)(gang)桿(gan)(gan)的收縮(suo)與(yu)伸展實現(xian)。為(wei)增加翻(fan)(fan)(fan)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)剛(gang)性、分(fen)散受力(li)，翻(fan)(fan)(fan)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)背面(mian)與(yu)氣(qi)缸(gang)(gang)桿(gan)(gan)鉸接(jie)處加焊了(le)截面(mian)30×30mm的方鋼做加強(qiang)筋，氣(qi)缸(gang)(gang)鉸座用(yong)(yong)螺栓(shuan)固(gu)(gu)定在槽(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)體(ti)(ti)(ti)底部，翻(fan)(fan)(fan)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)與(yu)氣(qi)缸(gang)(gang)隨槽(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)體(ti)(ti)(ti)運動(dong)(dong)(dong)。槽(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)體(ti)(ti)(ti)向前(左(zuo))加速時，關(guan)閉(bi)的翻(fan)(fan)(fan)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)由(you)于慣性有繞合(he)頁(ye)(ye)順(shun)時針(zhen)(向下)旋轉(zhuan)(zhuan)打開(kai)的趨(qu)勢，若氣(qi)缸(gang)(gang)桿(gan)(gan)的推(tui)力(li)不足，翻(fan)(fan)(fan)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)跟槽(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)體(ti)(ti)(ti)此時不能同步(bu)，翻(fan)(fan)(fan)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)相(xiang)對槽(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)體(ti)(ti)(ti)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)并使落料洞口(kou)產(chan)生(sheng)縫隙，從(cong)而出(chu)現(xian)翻(fan)(fan)(fan)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)關(guan)閉(bi)不嚴(yan)、造成泄露(lu)；槽(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)體(ti)(ti)(ti)加速向后(hou)(右(you))時，由(you)于翻(fan)(fan)(fan)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)和(he)槽(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)體(ti)(ti)(ti)碰撞產(chan)生(sheng)振動(dong)(dong)(dong)和(he)發出(chu)噪(zao)聲。振槽(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)運行(xing)(xing)過程(cheng)，翻(fan)(fan)(fan)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)和(he)槽(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)體(ti)(ti)(ti)反(fan)復脫離(li)、碰撞、變形(xing)，周(zhou)期性的交變應力(li)使翻(fan)(fan)(fan)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)薄弱處產(chan)生(sheng)疲勞裂縫，短時間內出(chu)現(xian)了(le)疲勞失效、損壞。
     2.改進方法
     要(yao)解(jie)決氣缸推(tui)(tui)力(li)(li)不足導(dao)致的(de)(de)翻(fan)(fan)板(ban)疲勞損壞(huai)，可采取提高系統壓(ya)力(li)(li)、加(jia)大(da)缸徑、改(gai)變(bian)推(tui)(tui)桿(gan)(gan)方向(xiang)增加(jia)力(li)(li)臂(bei)等措(cuo)施。提高壓(ya)空(kong)系統壓(ya)力(li)(li)、加(jia)大(da)缸徑存在費用高、不經濟(ji)的(de)(de)缺點(dian)，而改(gai)變(bian)推(tui)(tui)桿(gan)(gan)方向(xiang)則簡便易行。設計(ji)(ji)時(shi)不僅(jin)考慮翻(fan)(fan)板(ban)質(zhi)量(liang)，氣缸、推(tui)(tui)桿(gan)(gan)等附件和(he)物料(liao)質(zhi)量(liang)也(ye)必須計(ji)(ji)算在內。維修時(shi)翻(fan)(fan)板(ban)增加(jia)的(de)(de)質(zhi)量(liang)不大(da)，只需改(gai)變(bian)推(tui)(tui)桿(gan)(gan)和(he)翻(fan)(fan)板(ban)夾角使其(qi)對翻(fan)(fan)板(ban)的(de)(de)轉動力(li)(li)矩足以克服翻(fan)(fan)板(ban)及其(qi)新增的(de)(de)慣性(xing)力(li)(li)矩，就會避免翻(fan)(fan)板(ban)的(de)(de)疲勞損壞(huai)。